Turkey Country Facts
Instantly browse key facts about Turkey — geography, demographics, economy, and government — all in one organized reference card.
Official Name
Republic of Turkiye
Capital City
Ankara
Istanbul is the largest city
Total Area
783,562 km²
302,535 sq mi — rank 37th globally
Continent / Region
Transcontinental
97% Asia (Anatolia), 3% Europe (Thrace)
Bordering Countries
8 neighbors
Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Syria
Time Zone
UTC+3 (TRT)
Turkey Time — no daylight saving since 2016
Coastline
7,200 km
Borders Black Sea, Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea
Population (2024)
~85 million
Rank ~18th globally
Official Language
Turkish
Latin script adopted 1928; Kurdish spoken by minority
Major Religion
Islam ~99%
Secular state — religion and government are separate
Calling Code
+90
ISO 3166-1: TR / TUR
Largest City
Istanbul
~15.5 million — largest city in Europe by population
Government Type
Presidential republic
Unitary constitutional state
President
Recep Tayyip Erdogan
In office as president since August 2014
Republic Founded
October 29, 1923
Declared by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
Administrative Divisions
81 provinces
Called "iller" — each governed by an appointed vali
Alliance Memberships
NATO, UN, G20, OECD
Also: Council of Europe; EU candidate since 1987
Currency
Turkish Lira (TRY, ₺)
Issued by the Central Bank of Turkey
Nominal GDP (2023)
~USD 1.1 trillion
Rank ~17th globally (IMF estimate)
GDP per Capita (2023)
~USD 12,900
PPP: ~USD 40,700 (World Bank)
Top Exports
Vehicles, textiles, machinery
Also: steel, electronics, chemicals
Tourism
~50 million visitors/year
One of the world's top tourist destinations
Internet TLD
.tr
Also: .com.tr, .org.tr, .net.tr
National Holiday
Republic Day
October 29 — Cumhuriyet Bayrami
ISO Codes
TR / TUR
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 and alpha-3
Drives On
Right side of the road
Steering wheel on the left
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
21 sites
Includes Hagia Sophia, Goreme, Troy, Ephesus
Summary
Instantly browse key facts about Turkey — geography, demographics, economy, and government — all in one organized reference card.
How it works
- All facts are organized into thematic sections: Geography, People, Government, Economy, and Culture.
- Use the search box to filter facts by keyword across all categories.
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Use cases
- Quick lookup for students doing geography or social studies homework.
- Travelers preparing for a trip who need currency, timezone, and calling code info.
- Business professionals researching Turkey's economy and trade figures.
- Journalists or writers needing accurate demographic and political facts.
- Trivia enthusiasts brushing up on Turkey country statistics.
- Teachers preparing classroom materials about Europe-Asia bridge nations.
- Researchers studying Turkey's unique transcontinental geography.
- Anyone curious about Turkey's history, culture, and geopolitical position.