Russia Country Facts
Explore key facts about Russia covering geography, population, government, economy, culture, and travel essentials — all in one place.
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Geography
Continent
Europe and Asia (Eurasia)
Total Area
17,098,242 km²
World Rank by Area
1st largest country
Capital City
Moscow (Moskva)
Largest City
Moscow (~12.5 million)
Borders
14 countries
Highest Point
Mt. Elbrus — 5,642 m
Longest River
Volga — 3,531 km
Largest Lake
Lake Baikal (world's deepest)
Climate Types
Continental, subarctic, arctic
Federal Subjects
89 federal subjects
Coastline Length
~37,653 km
People & Culture
Population
~144 million (2024)
Population Density
~8.4 people per km²
Official Language
Russian
Demonym
Russian
Ethnic Groups
Russian 78%, Tatar 4%, others
Life Expectancy
~68 M / ~78 F years
Urban Population
~75% urban
National Anthem
State Anthem of Russia
National Symbol
Double-headed eagle; brown bear
National Day
Russia Day — June 12
Religion
Orthodox Christian, Islam, secular
Writing System
Cyrillic script
Government
Government Type
Federal semi-presidential republic
Head of State
President
Head of Government
Prime Minister
Legislature
State Duma + Federation Council
Constitution
Adopted December 12, 1993
Independence
December 25, 1991 (post-USSR)
Administrative Capital
Moscow
UN Member Since
1945 (original UN member)
UN Security Council
Permanent member (P5)
Economy
Currency
Russian Ruble (RUB, ₽)
GDP (nominal)
~USD 2.0 trillion (2023)
GDP per Capita
~USD 13,800 (2023)
Economic System
Mixed (state + private)
Top Industries
Oil, gas, mining, defense
Major Exports
Oil, gas, coal, metals, wheat
Top Trading Partners
China, India, Turkey, Belarus
Stock Exchange
Moscow Exchange (MOEX)
Central Bank
Bank of Russia (Tsentrobank)
Travel Essentials
Country Code (phone)
+7
Internet TLD
.ru / .рф
Emergency Numbers
112 unified; 101/102/103/104
Driving Side
Right
Electricity
220V / 50Hz — Type C & F plugs
Time Zones
UTC+2 to UTC+12 (11 zones)
Visa Policy
Visa required for most; e-visa available
ISO 3166-1
RU / RUS / 643
Tipping Culture
Not obligatory; ~10% appreciated
Speed / Distance
Metric (km)
Tap Water
Bottled water recommended
Healthcare
Travel insurance strongly advised
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Summary
Explore key facts about Russia covering geography, population, government, economy, culture, and travel essentials — all in one place.
How it works
- Facts are organized into themed sections: Geography, People, Government, Economy, and Travel Essentials.
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Use cases
- Quickly look up Russia's capital city, currency, or dialing code before a trip.
- Check time zone offsets when scheduling calls with Russian contacts.
- Research Russia for a school project or geography quiz.
- Verify visa requirements and electricity standards before packing.
- Compare Russia's land area and population to other countries.
- Find the official language, national anthem, and government type.
- Look up Russia's GDP or major industries for a business report.
- Get the emergency services number and driving side before renting a car.
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Last updated: 2026-06-10 ·
Reviewed by Nham Vu