What is the capital of Mexico?

Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico, abbreviated CDMX) is the capital and largest city of Mexico. It is located in the Valley of Mexico at an altitude of approximately 2,240 m (7,350 ft) and has coordinates 19.4326 N, 99.1332 W. The metropolitan area has a population of over 21 million people.

What currency does Mexico use?

Mexico uses the Mexican Peso (MXN), symbol $. The Bank of Mexico (Banco de Mexico) issues the currency. ISO code MXN. As of 2024, exchange rates fluctuate around 16–18 MXN per 1 USD.

What time zones does Mexico use?

Mexico spans multiple time zones: Central Standard Time (CST, UTC-6) covering most of the country including Mexico City, Mountain Standard Time (MST, UTC-7) in the northwest, Pacific Standard Time (PST, UTC-8) in Baja California, and Eastern Standard Time (EST, UTC-5) in Quintana Roo. Daylight saving time is observed in most zones except Sonora and Quintana Roo.

What is Mexico's population?

As of 2024, Mexico's population is approximately 130 million people, making it the 10th most populous country in the world and the most populous Spanish-speaking nation. Mexico City is the largest city, followed by Guadalajara, Monterrey, and Puebla.

What is Mexico's international calling code?

Mexico's country calling code is +52. When dialing from abroad, dial your country's exit code, then 52, followed by the 10-digit Mexican number. Mexico adopted a unified 10-digit numbering plan in 2019.

When did Mexico gain independence?

Mexico declared independence on September 16, 1810 — a date celebrated as Independence Day (Dia de la Independencia). The independence movement was led by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, who rang a church bell and delivered the famous "Grito de Independencia" speech in the town of Dolores, Guanajuato.

Mexico Country Facts

Name: Mexico Country Facts
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Author: Nham Vu

Instantly browse key facts about Mexico — geography, demographics, economy, and government — all in one organized reference card.

Official Name

United Mexican States

Estados Unidos Mexicanos in Spanish

Capital City

Mexico City

Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX) — 19.4326 N, 99.1332 W

Total Area

1,964,375 km²

758,449 sq mi — rank 13th globally

Continent / Region

North America

Borders USA (north), Guatemala & Belize (south)

Bordering Countries

USA, Guatemala, Belize

Also flanked by Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Mexico

Time Zones

UTC-6 / UTC-7 / UTC-8 / UTC-5

Mexico City: CST (UTC-6); DST observed in most zones

Capital Coordinates

19.4326 N, 99.1332 W

Altitude: ~2,240 m (7,350 ft) above sea level

Population (2024)

~130 million

Rank ~10th globally; largest Spanish-speaking nation

Official Language

Spanish

68 indigenous languages also recognized nationally

Calling Code

+52

10-digit national numbering plan (since 2019)

Major Religion

Roman Catholic ~78%

Also: Protestant ~11%, non-religious growing

Largest Cities

Mexico City, Guadalajara

Also: Monterrey, Puebla, Tijuana

Government Type

Federal presidential republic

Constitutional; 31 states and 1 capital city

President

Claudia Sheinbaum

In office since October 1, 2024 — first female president

Independence

September 16, 1810

Declared from Spain; recognized 1821

Administrative Divisions

31 states + 1 capital city

Mexico City (CDMX) is a federal entity

National Motto

No official motto

Historical: "Patria, Libertad, Trabajo y Cultura"

Currency

Mexican Peso (MXN, $)

Approx. 17 MXN = 1 USD (2024 est.)

Nominal GDP (2023)

~USD 1.32 trillion

Rank 12th globally (IMF); largest in Latin America after Brazil

GDP per Capita (2023)

~USD 10,000

PPP: ~USD 22,000 (World Bank estimate)

Top Exports

Vehicles, electronics, machinery

Also: oil, medical instruments, beer, avocados

Trade Agreements

USMCA, CPTPP, EU FTA

USA is Mexico's largest trading partner

Internet TLD

.mx

Also: .com.mx, .org.mx, .gob.mx

ISO Codes

MX / MEX

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 and alpha-3

National Holiday

Independence Day

September 16 — Dia de la Independencia

Drives On

Right side of the road

Steering wheel on the left

UNESCO Heritage Sites

35 sites

Includes Teotihuacan, Chichen Itza, Historic Mexico City

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Instantly browse key facts about Mexico — geography, demographics, economy, and government — all in one organized reference card.

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Last updated: 2026-05-30 · Reviewed by Nham Vu