What is the melting point of gold?

Pure 24K gold melts at 1064.18 °C (1947.52 °F, 1337.33 K), a fixed point of the ITS-90 temperature scale. Karat golds melt lower and over a range: an 18K yellow alloy is typically about 860–900 °C and a 14K yellow about 854–893 °C, depending on the copper, silver and zinc mix. White and rose golds vary more, so use the alloy supplier's data sheet for casting.

What is the melting point of silver and sterling silver?

Fine silver melts at 961.78 °C (1763.2 °F). Sterling silver (92.5% Ag, 7.5% Cu) starts to melt at 802 °C (solidus) and is fully liquid at about 893 °C (liquidus). Argentium 940 melts at 860–895 °C.

What are solidus and liquidus?

The solidus is the temperature at which an alloy starts to melt; below it the metal is fully solid. The liquidus is the temperature at which it is fully liquid. Between them the metal is a slush of solid and liquid. Pure metals and eutectic alloys (such as 63/37 solder at 183 °C) melt at a single temperature, so solidus = liquidus.

How hot does a furnace need to be to melt and pour a metal?

It must exceed the liquidus, plus a superheat so the metal stays fluid while it is poured. Foundries typically pour aluminum at about 700–760 °C (liquidus 660 °C or lower), brass and bronze 50–150 °C above liquidus, and cast iron around 1350–1450 °C. This chart uses an adjustable pour margin (default 100 °C) for the furnace check.

Why does brass melt at a lower temperature than copper?

Zinc lowers the melting range of copper. Pure copper melts at 1084.62 °C, 85/15 red brass at 988–1027 °C, 70/30 cartridge brass at 916–954 °C and free-cutting brass C36000 at 888–899 °C. Zinc also boils at 907 °C, which is why overheated brass fumes.

Which metal has the highest melting point?

Tungsten, at 3422 °C (6192 °F). Next come rhenium (3186 °C), osmium (3033 °C) and tantalum (3017 °C). Mercury has the lowest at −38.83 °C, so it is liquid at room temperature; gallium melts at 29.76 °C, just below body temperature.

What is the melting point of steel and stainless steel?

Plain carbon steel melts at roughly 1425–1540 °C depending on carbon content; more carbon lowers it. 304 stainless melts at 1400–1455 °C, 316 at 1375–1400 °C and 410 at 1480–1530 °C. Gray cast iron, with 2.5–4% carbon, melts much lower, at about 1127–1204 °C.

Metal Melting Point Reference

Melting points of 40 pure metals and 60+ common alloys in °C, °F and K. Pure metals use CRC Handbook values (gold 1064.18 °C, silver 961.78 °C, copper 1084.62 °C, aluminum 660.32 °C, iron 1538 °C). Alloys melt over a solidus–liquidus range, e.g. sterling silver 802–893 °C, 6061 aluminum 582–652 °C, 304 stainless 1400–1455 °C.

Group

102 metals

Can my furnace or torch melt it?

Enter the highest temperature your heat source reaches. A metal "pours" when that temperature is at least its liquidus plus the pour margin.

Max temperature

Unit

Pour margin (°C)

Metal ↕	°C ↑	°F	K	At your temp	Notes
Mercury (Hg)Pure metals	−38.83	−37.9	234.3	—	Only metal liquid at room temperature
GalinstanSolders & low-melting alloys	−19	−2	254	—	Ga–In–Sn; liquid at room temperature (approx.)
Gallium (Ga)Pure metals	29.76	85.6	302.9	—	Melts in the hand; ITS-90 fixed point
Field's metalSolders & low-melting alloys	62	144	335	—	Bi–In–Sn eutectic; lead and cadmium free
Potassium (K)Pure metals	63.5	146.3	336.7	—	Alkali metal; reacts violently with water
Wood's metalSolders & low-melting alloys	70	158	343	—	Bi–Pb–Sn–Cd eutectic
Rose's metalSolders & low-melting alloys	94–98	201–208	367–371	—	Bi 50 / Pb 25 / Sn 25
Sodium (Na)Pure metals	97.79	208.0	370.9	—	Alkali metal; reactor coolant
Indium (In)Pure metals	156.6	313.9	429.8	—	Low-melting solders, thermal pads; ITS-90 fixed point
Lithium (Li)Pure metals	180.5	356.9	453.7	—	Lightest metal; batteries
Solder Sn63/Pb37Solders & low-melting alloys	183	361	456	—	Eutectic tin-lead solder
Solder Sn60/Pb40Solders & low-melting alloys	183–190	361–374	456–463	—	Common electrical solder
Solder Sn50/Pb50Solders & low-melting alloys	183–215	361–419	456–488	—	Plumbing solder (older)
Solder SAC305Solders & low-melting alloys	217–220	423–428	490–493	—	Sn 96.5 / Ag 3 / Cu 0.5; lead free
Solder Sn96.5/Ag3.5Solders & low-melting alloys	221	430	494	—	Eutectic tin-silver; lead free
Solder Sn99.3/Cu0.7Solders & low-melting alloys	227	441	500	—	Eutectic tin-copper; lead free
Tin (Sn)Pure metals	231.93	449.5	505.1	—	Base of solders and pewter; ITS-90 fixed point
Bismuth (Bi)Pure metals	271.4	520.5	544.6	—	Expands on freezing; fusible alloys
Cadmium (Cd)Pure metals	321.07	609.9	594.2	—	Toxic; former plating and solder metal
Lead (Pb)Pure metals	327.46	621.4	600.6	—	Dense; toxic fumes when overheated
Zamak 5Solders & low-melting alloys	380–386	716–727	653–659	—	Zn–4% Al–1% Cu die-cast alloy
Zamak 3Solders & low-melting alloys	381–387	718–729	654–660	—	Zn–4% Al die-cast alloy
Zinc (Zn)Pure metals	419.53	787.2	692.7	—	Die casting, galvanizing; boils at 907 °C
Magnesium AZ91DAluminum & magnesium alloys	470–595	878–1,103	743–868	—	Mg–9% Al–1% Zn; die cast
Aluminum 7075Aluminum & magnesium alloys	477–635	891–1,175	750–908	—	Al–Zn; aircraft, high strength
Aluminum 2024Aluminum & magnesium alloys	502–638	936–1,180	775–911	—	Al–Cu; aircraft
Aluminum A380 (die cast)Aluminum & magnesium alloys	540–595	1,004–1,103	813–868	—	Al–Si–Cu; most common die-cast alloy
Aluminum A356 (cast)Aluminum & magnesium alloys	555–615	1,031–1,139	828–888	—	Al–7% Si–Mg; sand and permanent mold
Magnesium AZ31BAluminum & magnesium alloys	566–632	1,051–1,170	839–905	—	Mg–3% Al–1% Zn; wrought
Aluminum 6061Aluminum & magnesium alloys	582–652	1,080–1,206	855–925	—	Al–Mg–Si; most common structural alloy
Aluminum 5052Aluminum & magnesium alloys	607–649	1,125–1,200	880–922	—	Al–Mg; marine sheet
Aluminum 6063Aluminum & magnesium alloys	616–654	1,141–1,209	889–927	—	Al–Mg–Si; extrusions
Antimony (Sb)Pure metals	630.63	1,167.1	903.8	—	Hardener for lead and tin alloys
Aluminum 1100Aluminum & magnesium alloys	643–657	1,189–1,215	916–930	—	99% Al, commercially pure
Aluminum 3003Aluminum & magnesium alloys	643–654	1,189–1,209	916–927	—	Al–Mn; cookware, sheet
Magnesium (Mg)Pure metals	650	1,202	923	—	Melt under flux or cover gas; burns in air
Aluminum (Al)Pure metals	660.32	1,220.6	933.5	—	ITS-90 fixed point; most common hobby casting metal
Coin silver 900Silver, gold & platinum alloys	779–879	1,434–1,614	1,052–1,152	—	90% Ag + 10% Cu; solidus = Ag–Cu eutectic
Sterling silver 925Silver, gold & platinum alloys	802–893	1,476–1,639	1,075–1,166	—	92.5% Ag + 7.5% Cu
Phosphor bronze C52400 (10% Sn)Copper, brass & bronze	843–999	1,549–1,830	1,116–1,272	—	Cu + 10% Sn + P
14K yellow gold (585)Silver, gold & platinum alloys	854–893	1,569–1,639	1,127–1,166	—	58.5% Au + Ag/Cu/Zn; typical, varies by alloy
Tin bronze C90500 (gunmetal)Copper, brass & bronze	854–999	1,569–1,830	1,127–1,272	—	Cu + 10% Sn + 2% Zn; cast gears, bells
Argentium silver 940Silver, gold & platinum alloys	860–895	1,580–1,643	1,133–1,168	—	Ag–Cu–Ge, tarnish resistant
18K yellow gold (750)Silver, gold & platinum alloys	860–900	1,580–1,652	1,133–1,173	—	75% Au + Ag/Cu/Zn; typical, varies by alloy
Manganese bronze C86500Copper, brass & bronze	862–880	1,584–1,616	1,135–1,153	—	High-strength yellow brass; cast
Beryllium copper C17200Copper, brass & bronze	866–982	1,591–1,800	1,139–1,255	—	Cu + 1.9% Be; springs, non-sparking tools
Naval brass C46400Copper, brass & bronze	885–899	1,625–1,650	1,158–1,172	—	Cu–Zn–Sn; marine hardware
Free-cutting brass C36000Copper, brass & bronze	888–899	1,630–1,650	1,161–1,172	—	Cu–Zn–Pb; machined fittings
Argentium silver 960Silver, gold & platinum alloys	890–920	1,634–1,688	1,163–1,193	—	Ag–Cu–Ge, tarnish resistant
Yellow brass C27000 (65/35)Copper, brass & bronze	904–932	1,659–1,710	1,177–1,205	—	65% Cu + 35% Zn
Cartridge brass C26000 (70/30)Copper, brass & bronze	916–954	1,681–1,749	1,189–1,227	—	70% Cu + 30% Zn
Phosphor bronze C51000 (5% Sn)Copper, brass & bronze	954–1,049	1,749–1,920	1,227–1,322	—	Cu + 5% Sn + P; springs, bearings
Silver (Ag)Pure metals	961.78	1,763.2	1,234.9	—	Fine silver 999; ITS-90 fixed point
Silicon bronze C65500Copper, brass & bronze	971–1,027	1,780–1,881	1,244–1,300	—	Cu + 3% Si; art casting, welding wire
Red brass C23000 (85/15)Copper, brass & bronze	988–1,027	1,810–1,881	1,261–1,300	—	85% Cu + 15% Zn
Aluminum bronze C95400Copper, brass & bronze	1,027–1,038	1,881–1,900	1,300–1,311	—	Cu + 11% Al + 4% Fe; cast
Gold (Au)Pure metals	1,064.18	1,947.5	1,337.3	—	24K fine gold; ITS-90 fixed point
Copper C11000 (ETP)Copper, brass & bronze	1,065–1,083	1,949–1,981	1,338–1,356	—	99.9% Cu electrical copper
Nickel silver C75200Copper, brass & bronze	1,071–1,110	1,960–2,030	1,344–1,383	—	Cu + 18% Ni + 17% Zn; no silver
Copper (Cu)Pure metals	1,084.62	1,984.3	1,357.8	—	ITS-90 fixed point
Cupronickel 90/10 C70600Copper, brass & bronze	1,099–1,149	2,010–2,100	1,372–1,422	—	Cu + 10% Ni; seawater piping
Gray cast ironIron & steel	1,127–1,204	2,061–2,199	1,400–1,477	—	2.5–4% C; melts far below steel
Uranium (U)Pure metals	1,132.2	2,070.0	1,405.4	—	Actinide
Cupronickel 70/30 C71500Copper, brass & bronze	1,171–1,238	2,140–2,260	1,444–1,511	—	Cu + 30% Ni; coins, condensers
Manganese (Mn)Pure metals	1,246	2,275	1,519	—	Alloying element in steel and bronze
Inconel 718Nickel, cobalt & titanium alloys	1,260–1,336	2,300–2,437	1,533–1,609	—	Ni–Cr–Fe–Nb superalloy
Stellite 6Nickel, cobalt & titanium alloys	1,285–1,410	2,345–2,570	1,558–1,683	—	Co–Cr–W hardfacing
Beryllium (Be)Pure metals	1,287	2,349	1,560	—	Light and stiff; toxic dust
Inconel 625Nickel, cobalt & titanium alloys	1,290–1,350	2,354–2,462	1,563–1,623	—	Ni–Cr–Mo–Nb superalloy
Monel 400Nickel, cobalt & titanium alloys	1,300–1,350	2,372–2,462	1,573–1,623	—	Ni–Cu; seawater service
Hastelloy C-276Nickel, cobalt & titanium alloys	1,323–1,371	2,413–2,500	1,596–1,644	—	Ni–Mo–Cr; corrosion resistant
Stainless steel 316Iron & steel	1,375–1,400	2,507–2,552	1,648–1,673	—	17% Cr + 12% Ni + 2.5% Mo
Stainless steel 304Iron & steel	1,400–1,455	2,552–2,651	1,673–1,728	—	18% Cr + 8% Ni
Nichrome 80/20Nickel, cobalt & titanium alloys	1,400	2,552	1,673	—	80% Ni + 20% Cr; heating wire (approx.)
Silicon (Si)Pure metals	1,414	2,577	1,687	—	Metalloid; alloying element in Al and Fe
Carbon steel (typical)Iron & steel	1,425–1,540	2,597–2,804	1,698–1,813	—	More carbon lowers the range
Stainless steel 430Iron & steel	1,425–1,510	2,597–2,750	1,698–1,783	—	17% Cr ferritic
Invar 36Nickel, cobalt & titanium alloys	1,427	2,601	1,700	—	Fe + 36% Ni; low expansion (approx.)
Nickel (Ni)Pure metals	1,455	2,651	1,728	—	Base of superalloys; white gold alloying
Stainless steel 410Iron & steel	1,480–1,530	2,696–2,786	1,753–1,803	—	12% Cr martensitic
Cobalt (Co)Pure metals	1,495	2,723	1,768	—	Cobalt-chrome alloys, magnets
Iron (Fe)Pure metals	1,538	2,800	1,811	—	Pure iron; carbon lowers it
Palladium (Pd)Pure metals	1,554.8	2,830.6	1,828.0	—	Platinum-group metal; white gold alloying
Titanium Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5)Nickel, cobalt & titanium alloys	1,604–1,660	2,919–3,020	1,877–1,933	—	Most common titanium alloy
Titanium (Ti)Pure metals	1,668	3,034	1,941	—	Light, strong, corrosion resistant
Platinum 950 / cobaltSilver, gold & platinum alloys	1,680–1,770	3,056–3,218	1,953–2,043	—	95% Pt + 5% Co; good casting alloy
Platinum (Pt)Pure metals	1,768.2	3,214.8	2,041.4	—	Jewelry and catalysts
Platinum 950 / rutheniumSilver, gold & platinum alloys	1,780–1,795	3,236–3,263	2,053–2,068	—	95% Pt + 5% Ru
Platinum 900 / iridiumSilver, gold & platinum alloys	1,780–1,800	3,236–3,272	2,053–2,073	—	90% Pt + 10% Ir
Zirconium (Zr)Pure metals	1,855	3,371	2,128	—	Nuclear fuel cladding
Chromium (Cr)Pure metals	1,907	3,465	2,180	—	Stainless steel and plating
Vanadium (V)Pure metals	1,910	3,470	2,183	—	Tool steel alloying
Rhodium (Rh)Pure metals	1,964	3,567	2,237	—	Plating for white gold
Hafnium (Hf)Pure metals	2,233	4,051	2,506	—	Control rods, superalloys
Ruthenium (Ru)Pure metals	2,334	4,233	2,607	—	Hardener for platinum
Iridium (Ir)Pure metals	2,446	4,435	2,719	—	Spark plugs; hardener for platinum
Niobium (Nb)Pure metals	2,477	4,491	2,750	—	Superconductors, HSLA steel
Molybdenum (Mo)Pure metals	2,623	4,753	2,896	—	Refractory; tool and stainless steels
Tantalum (Ta)Pure metals	3,017	5,463	3,290	—	Refractory; capacitors
Osmium (Os)Pure metals	3,033	5,491	3,306	—	Densest element
Rhenium (Re)Pure metals	3,186	5,767	3,459	—	Jet engine superalloys
Tungsten (W)Pure metals	3,422	6,192	3,695	—	Highest melting point of any metal

Ranges are solidus–liquidus. Single values are pure metals, eutectics or approximate figures. Karat gold and platinum alloy ranges are typical producer values; your alloy's data sheet governs.

Melting point, solidus, liquidus and pouring temperature

Pure metals melt at one temperature. Several are defining fixed points of the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90): indium 156.5985 °C, tin 231.928 °C, zinc 419.527 °C, aluminum 660.323 °C, silver 961.78 °C, gold 1064.18 °C and copper 1084.62 °C.

Alloys melt over a range. At the solidus the first liquid appears; at the liquidus the last solid disappears. Heat treatment, brazing and soldering must stay below the solidus of the parent metal. A casting must go above the liquidus.

Worked example. A propane furnace reaching 1100 °C with a 100 °C pour margin can pour every alloy whose liquidus is at or below 1000 °C. That includes all aluminum alloys, 70/30 brass (liquidus 954 °C), 10% tin bronze (999 °C) and sterling silver (893 °C). It can melt pure copper (1084.62 °C) but cannot pour it with the full margin. It cannot melt steel or cast iron.

Conversions. °F = °C × 9/5 + 32 and K = °C + 273.15. For example, 1084.62 °C = 1984.32 °F = 1357.77 K.

CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 97th ed., "Melting, boiling, triple and critical points of the elements" — pure metals.
BIPM, ITS-90 fixed points
Copper Development Association alloy data sheets (C11000–C95400); Aluminum Association / ASM Handbook Vol. 2 (aluminum alloys); Special Metals data sheets (Inconel, Monel); ASM Handbook Vol. 1 (steels, cast iron).
Jewelry alloys: Argentium refractory temperatures; Rio Grande 18K and 14K yellow alloy tech sheets; Maerz, "Platinum Alloy Applications for Jewelry", Santa Fe Symposium 1999.

Summary

A searchable chart of melting points for 40 pure metals and over 60 engineering, jewelry and solder alloys, each shown in Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Pure-metal values follow the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (ITS-90). Alloys are listed with their solidus–liquidus melting range from producer data sheets (Copper Development Association, Aluminum Association, ASM, Special Metals). Enter the maximum temperature of your furnace or torch to see which metals it can fully melt and pour.

How it works

Every row shows the melting point in °C, °F and K. Pure metals melt at one temperature; alloys show a range from solidus (melting starts) to liquidus (fully liquid).
Type in the search box to filter by name, symbol, alloy number (e.g. C26000, 6061, 304) or use; pick a group to narrow the list.
Click the Metal or °C header to sort by name or by melting temperature.
Enter your furnace or torch temperature and a pour margin: each row is marked Pours, Melts, Partly melts or Too cold, and a summary counts them.
Conversions use °F = °C × 9/5 + 32 and K = °C + 273.15.

Use cases

Check whether a propane, charcoal or electric furnace can melt aluminum, brass, bronze or cast iron.
Compare the melting ranges of brass vs bronze, or 6061 vs 7075 aluminum, before casting or brazing.
Look up the melting point of gold, sterling silver or platinum alloys for jewelry casting and soldering.
Choose a solder or fusible alloy (SAC305, 63/37, Field's metal) by melting temperature.
Find the solidus of an alloy so heat treatment and brazing stay below incipient melting.
Convert a melting point between Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin for a datasheet or lab report.

Frequently Asked Questions

Last updated: 2026-10-10 · Reviewed by Nham Vu