What is the Unicode codepoint for sigma?

Uppercase sigma (Σ) is U+03A3, lowercase sigma (σ) is U+03C3, and the final lowercase form (ς) is U+03C2, all in the Greek and Coptic Unicode block.

What is the HTML entity for sigma?

Use Σ for uppercase (Σ), σ for lowercase (σ), and &sigmaf; for the final lowercase form (ς). The numeric entities Σ, σ, and ς also work.

What is the LaTeX command for sigma?

Type \Sigma for uppercase (Σ), \sigma for lowercase (σ), and \varsigma for the final lowercase variant (ς) in math mode.

What is the difference between σ and ς?

Both are lowercase sigma. Standard Greek spelling uses ς only as the last letter of a word and σ everywhere else, for example λόγος ends in ς. In math and science, only σ is used, since formulas do not follow Greek word-position rules.

Is sigma the same as the summation symbol?

No. The summation operator (∑, U+2211) is a distinct math symbol for sums with limits, while sigma (Σ, U+03A3) is the Greek letter. They look similar, but most fonts draw the summation operator wider. See the dedicated summation symbol page for that character.

What does sigma mean in statistics?

Lowercase sigma (σ) is the standard deviation of a population, and σ² is the variance. "Six Sigma" refers to a quality-control process aiming for a defect rate within six standard deviations of the mean.

How do I type sigma on a keyboard?

On Windows, hold Alt and type 229 on the numeric keypad for lowercase sigma. On Mac, no default shortcut exists, so use the Character Viewer (Control+Command+Space) and search "sigma". This page's copy button works on any device without a shortcut.

Sigma Symbol

Name: Sigma Symbol
Availability: InStock
Author: Nham Vu

Copy the uppercase sigma (Σ), lowercase sigma (σ), or final lowercase sigma (ς) and find its Unicode codepoint, HTML entity, and LaTeX command.

Sigma Symbol

Click the symbol to copy it

Formats

Character Σ

Unicode U+03A3

HTML entity Σ

HTML decimal Σ

LaTeX \Sigma

JS / JSON escape Σ

Click any row to copy that exact string.

Common Uses

Field	Example	Meaning
Statistics		Standard deviation of a population, a measure of spread around the mean.
Physics		Stefan-Boltzmann constant, or electrical conductivity depending on context.
Chemistry		A sigma bond, the strongest type of covalent bond formed by head-on orbital overlap.
Quality control		A process improvement methodology targeting defect rates within six standard deviations.
Greek text		A Greek word ending in the final sigma form (ς), used only at the end of a word.

Build a standard deviation label

Type a number to build a ready-to-paste standard deviation value, like σ = 2.5.

σ = 2.5

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Summary

Copy the uppercase sigma (Σ), lowercase sigma (σ), or final lowercase sigma (ς) and find its Unicode codepoint, HTML entity, and LaTeX command.

How it works

Click the large sigma symbol to copy it to your clipboard.
Switch between uppercase (Σ), lowercase (σ), and final lowercase (ς) with the toggle.
Click any row in the formats list to copy that exact string: Unicode, HTML entity, or LaTeX.
Paste the symbol anywhere: documents, spreadsheets, code, or chat.

Use cases

Write the standard deviation of a data set in a statistics report, such as σ = 2.5.
Reference the Stefan-Boltzmann constant or electrical conductivity in a physics formula.
Label a sigma bond in an organic chemistry diagram, such as a C-C σ-bond.
Type Greek letters in a math or science report without a special keyboard layout.
Copy the correct LaTeX command (\Sigma, \sigma, or \varsigma) for a paper instead of typing it from memory.
Write Greek words correctly, using the final form (ς) at the end of a word instead of the medial form (σ).

Frequently Asked Questions

Last updated: 2026-07-22 · Reviewed by Nham Vu