R0 Reproduction Number Calculator

Enter transmission probability, average contacts per day, and infectious period to instantly compute R0 and see whether an epidemic will spread or die out.

Disease Parameters

R0 = transmission probability × contacts/day × infectious days

Chance a single contact with an infectious person leads to a new infection (0 to 1).

Number of people an infected individual has meaningful contact with each day.

Average number of days an infected person can transmit the disease.

Quick presets

Basic Reproduction Number

0.50

0 1 2 5 10+

Derived Metrics

Herd Immunity Threshold

% population immune needed

Generation Time

≈ infectious period (days)

Cases after 5 generations

starting from 1 case

Sensitivity: R0 vs. Contact Rate

How R0 changes as contacts per day vary (other parameters fixed).

Contacts/day R0 HIT Verdict
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Summary

Enter transmission probability, average contacts per day, and infectious period to instantly compute R0 and see whether an epidemic will spread or die out.

How it works

  1. Enter the per-contact transmission probability (0–1) — the chance that one contact with an infected person leads to a new infection.
  2. Enter the average number of close contacts per day an infected individual has.
  3. Enter the infectious period in days — how long a person can transmit the disease.
  4. The tool computes R0 = transmission probability × contacts per day × infectious days.
  5. Read the epidemic threshold interpretation: R0 < 1 = declining, R0 = 1 = endemic equilibrium, R0 > 1 = exponential spread.
  6. The herd immunity threshold (1 − 1/R0) shows the vaccination coverage needed to halt spread.

Use cases

  • Model outbreak dynamics during emerging infectious disease events.
  • Compare transmissibility across different pathogens or variants.
  • Estimate herd immunity thresholds for vaccination planning.
  • Teach epidemiology students about the reproduction number concept.
  • Evaluate the impact of interventions that reduce contacts or transmission probability.
  • Quickly benchmark a pathogen against known R0 values (flu ~1.3, measles ~15).

Frequently Asked Questions

Last updated: 2026-06-09 · Reviewed by Nham Vu