What is the M1V1 = M2V2 formula?

It states that the moles of titrant times its volume equals the moles of analyte times its volume: M1×V1 = M2×V2. This holds when the acid and base react in a 1:1 molar ratio (n1 = n2 = 1). For other ratios, use n1M1V1 = n2M2V2.

What units should I use?

Concentration must be in mol/L (molarity, M). Volume can be in any consistent unit (mL or L), as long as both volumes use the same unit — the units cancel in the equation.

Does this work for strong and weak acids?

Yes. The M1V1 = M2V2 equation applies to any acid-base pair at the equivalence point, whether strong or weak, because it only depends on stoichiometric moles, not degree of dissociation.

What are equivalents (n)?

Some acids or bases donate or accept more than one proton per molecule (e.g. H2SO4 has n=2). Setting n1 and n2 adjusts the equation to n1·M1·V1 = n2·M2·V2 for polyprotic systems.

How do I find the equivalence point volume?

Solve for V2: V2 = (n1·M1·V1) / (n2·M2). Enter the known concentration and volume of the titrant (side 1) and the concentration of the analyte (M2), then solve for V2.

Titration Calculator

Name: Titration Calculator
Availability: InStock
Author: Nham Vu

Enter any three of concentration 1, volume 1, concentration 2, or volume 2 to find the missing value via M1V1 = M2V2.

Enter Known Values

Fill in three fields — leave the unknown blank (or select it below).

Solve for

Titrant (solution 1)

C1 — Concentration (mol/L)

V1 — Volume (mL)

Analyte (solution 2)

C2 — Concentration (mol/L)

V2 — Volume (mL)

Advanced — equivalents (polyprotic acids/bases)

n1 — equivalents of titrant

n2 — equivalents of analyte

Result

Enter values and click Calculate.

Quick Reference

General form n1 · M1 · V1 = n2 · M2 · V2

1:1 ratio M1V1 = M2V2

Solve C1 C1 = (n2·C2·V2) / (n1·V1)

Solve V1 V1 = (n2·C2·V2) / (n1·C1)

Solve C2 C2 = (n1·C1·V1) / (n2·V2)

Solve V2 V2 = (n1·C1·V1) / (n2·C2)

Summary