What is the atomic number of titanium?

Titanium has atomic number 22, meaning its nucleus contains 22 protons. It is located in Period 4, Group 4 of the periodic table.

What is the electron configuration of titanium?

Titanium's electron configuration is [Ar] 3d2 4s2. The two d-orbital electrons and two s-orbital electrons in the fourth shell contribute to its transition metal chemistry.

Why is titanium used in aerospace and medicine?

Titanium has an outstanding strength-to-weight ratio — it is as strong as steel but 45% lighter. It is also highly corrosion-resistant and biocompatible, making it ideal for aircraft components and surgical implants.

What are the common oxidation states of titanium?

The most common oxidation state is +4 (as in TiO2). Lower states +3 and +2 also occur. The +4 state is the most stable under ordinary conditions.

What is titanium dioxide (TiO2)?

TiO2 is the most widely used titanium compound. It is a brilliant white pigment found in paints, sunscreens, and food colorings. It also has photocatalytic properties used for self-cleaning surfaces.

What is the crystal structure of titanium at room temperature?

At room temperature, titanium adopts a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure (alpha phase). Above 882 C it transforms to a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure (beta phase).

Titanium Element Properties

Name: Titanium Element Properties
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Author: Nham Vu

Complete reference for Titanium (Ti, element 22): atomic data, electron configuration, physical constants, chemical properties, and applications.

22 Ti 47.867

Titanium

Transition Metal — Period 4, Group 4

Atomic Identity

Atomic Number

Symbol

Standard Atomic Wt.

47.867 u

IUPAC 2021

Period

Group

IVB

Block

d-block

CAS Number

7440-32-6

Ti metal

Discovery

William Gregor

1791

Named By

M. H. Klaproth

1795

Electron Configuration

Full notation [Ar] 3d² 4s²

Expanded notation 1s² 2s² 2p&sup6; 3s² 3p&sup6; 3d² 4s²

Electrons per shell 2, 8, 10, 2

Valence electrons 4

Unpaired electrons 2

Spin multiplicity 3 (triplet)

Valence Orbital Diagram

2 electrons (one per box)

2 electrons (paired)

Paramagnetic

2 unpaired 3d electrons

Physical Properties

State at STP Solid

Appearance Lustrous silver-gray metal

Density 4.506 g/cm³

Melting Point 1668 °C (1941 K)

Boiling Point 3287 °C (3560 K)

Crystal Structure (RT) HCP (hexagonal close-packed)

Crystal Structure (>882 °C) BCC (body-centered cubic)

Mohs Hardness 6.0

Heat of Fusion 14.15 kJ/mol

Heat of Vaporization 425 kJ/mol

Specific Heat 520 J/(kg·K)

Thermal Conductivity 21.9 W/(m·K)

Chemical Properties

Electronegativity (Pauling) 1.54

Electron Affinity 7.6 kJ/mol

1st Ionization Energy 658.8 kJ/mol

2nd Ionization Energy 1309.8 kJ/mol

3rd Ionization Energy 2652.5 kJ/mol

Oxidation States +4 (main), +3, +2

Covalent Radius 160 pm

Atomic Radius 176 pm (empirical)

Van der Waals Radius 187 pm

Magnetic Ordering Paramagnetic

Electrical Resistivity 420 nΩ·m (20 °C)

Young's Modulus 116 GPa

Principal Stable Isotopes of Titanium

Isotope	Protons	Neutrons	Mass (u)	Natural Abundance	Stability
&sup4;&sup6;Ti	22	24	45.9526316	8.25%	Stable
&sup4;&sup7;Ti	22	25	46.9517631	7.44%	Stable
&sup4;&sup8;Ti	22	26	47.9479463	73.72%	Stable
&sup4;&sup9;Ti	22	27	48.9478700	5.41%	Stable
&sup5;&sup0;Ti	22	28	49.9447912	5.18%	Stable

Titanium has 5 stable isotopes. ⁴⁸Ti is the most abundant at 73.72%. Over 20 radioisotopes are known, none occurring naturally in significant amounts.

Key Facts About Titanium

Exceptional Strength-to-Weight

Titanium is as strong as steel yet 45% lighter, making it invaluable in aerospace, motorsport, and high-performance engineering.

Corrosion Resistant

A thin, stable TiO2 oxide layer forms instantly on exposure to air, providing outstanding resistance to seawater, chlorine, and many acids.

Biocompatible

The human body tolerates titanium extremely well. It is used for bone screws, dental implants, joint replacements, and pacemaker casings.

Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)

TiO2 is one of the whitest substances known. It is the dominant white pigment in paints, coatings, plastics, paper, and sunscreens.

Aerospace Applications

Roughly 50% of all titanium produced is used in aerospace: airframe structures, jet engine blades, fasteners, and spacecraft components.

Named After the Titans

Klaproth named titanium after the Titans of Greek mythology to reflect the element's great strength. It was first isolated in pure form by Matthew Hunter in 1910.

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Summary

Complete reference for Titanium (Ti, element 22): atomic data, electron configuration, physical constants, chemical properties, and applications.

How it works

Browse the atomic identity section for symbol, atomic number, and standard atomic weight.
Check the electron configuration panel for orbital notation and quantum numbers.
Review physical properties including density, melting point, boiling point, and crystal structure.
Consult the chemical properties section for electronegativity, oxidation states, and ionization energies.
Explore the key facts panel to understand titanium's practical applications and notable characteristics.
Click any value to copy it to your clipboard for use in reports or calculations.

Use cases

Look up titanium constants for chemistry homework or exams.
Verify atomic data when writing materials science lab reports.
Reference physical properties for aerospace or engineering calculations.
Check electronegativity and oxidation states for bond analysis.
Teach or learn transition metal properties using a real-world example.
Confirm electron configuration for d-block orbital diagrams.
Research titanium alloy properties for biomedical applications.
Quick-reference melting point and density for manufacturing or metallurgy.

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Last updated: 2026-05-28 · Reviewed by Nham Vu