Rice Yield Estimator
Count panicles per m² (or hills and tillers), grains per panicle and filled grain %, enter the 1,000-grain weight, and get paddy yield at 14% moisture in t/ha, kg/ha, 50-kg bags, cwt/acre and bushels per acre, plus a crop-cut check.
Rice yield (t/ha) = panicles per m² × grains per panicle × filled grain fraction × 1,000-grain weight (g) × 0.00001.
Use the Rice Yield Estimator
Crop & Yield Components
Preset component values represent indicative agronomic baselines; adjust with field scouting data.
Use your field count, or calculate density from row and plant spacing below.
Count only productive tillers bearing panicles in representative hills.
Enter the average panicle count per m² from representative sampling frames.
Average of 10–20 panicles. Count all spikelets and set the filled % below, or count filled grains only and keep 100%.
Share of spikelets with a developed grain, typically 80–90%. Empty spikelets float in water.
Weight of 1,000 clean filled paddy grains. Yield is corrected to the 14% moisture standard: × (100 − moisture) ÷ 86.
Editable planning assumption only. Actual milling recovery depends on grain condition and mill settings.
Set yield components and click Estimate Yield to generate full field and per-unit production figures.
Estimated Rough Rice (Paddy) Yield
Pre-Harvest PotentialField Production Total
Milled rice is a planning estimate computed at 67% of rough paddy weight.
Field Component Density
/ m²
/ ha (M)
/ ha (M)
(ha / ac)
Estimated Gross Crop Revenue
Gross crop revenue before combining, drying, hauling, or milling deductions.
Factual Unit Relationships & Method Limitations
• 1 hectare (ha) = 10,000 m² = 2.47105 acres
• 1 acre = 0.4046856 ha (4,046.86 m²)
• 1 kg/ha = 0.892179 lbs/acre
• 1 hundredweight (cwt) = 100 lbs rough rice
• 1 metric tonne (t) = 1,000 kg = 22.0462 cwt
• Pre-harvest estimate: Results reflect biological standing potential rather than combine hopper scale weight.
• Rough rice vs. milled: All base yields represent unhulled paddy. Commercial milling yield varies with grain fissures and mill settings.
• Moisture basis: Component weights rely on standardized air-dry seeds (~14% moisture basis).
Calculation Audit Breakdown
Crop-cut check — yield from a harvested sample
Cut all rice in a marked area, thresh, clean and weigh the grain, and measure its moisture. The result is paddy yield at 14% moisture.
Rice yield conversion table — t/ha to bags, cwt and bushels
Paddy (rough rice) at 14% moisture. 1 kg/ha = 0.8922 lb/acre; 1 cwt = 100 lb; 1 US bushel of rice = 45 lb.
| t/ha | kg/ha | 50-kg bags/ha | 40-kg bags/ha | lb/acre | cwt/acre | bu/acre |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 2,000 | 40 | 50 | 1,784 | 17.8 | 40 |
| 3 | 3,000 | 60 | 75 | 2,677 | 26.8 | 59 |
| 4 | 4,000 | 80 | 100 | 3,569 | 35.7 | 79 |
| 5 | 5,000 | 100 | 125 | 4,461 | 44.6 | 99 |
| 6 | 6,000 | 120 | 150 | 5,353 | 53.5 | 119 |
| 7 | 7,000 | 140 | 175 | 6,245 | 62.5 | 139 |
| 8 | 8,000 | 160 | 200 | 7,137 | 71.4 | 159 |
| 9 | 9,000 | 180 | 225 | 8,030 | 80.3 | 178 |
| 10 | 10,000 | 200 | 250 | 8,922 | 89.2 | 198 |
Yield components: t/ha = panicles/m² × grains/panicle × filled fraction × 1,000-grain weight (g) × 10⁻⁵. Component estimates are often higher than the weight finally harvested because of shattering, lodging and threshing losses.
Quick answer
Rice yield (t/ha) = panicles per m² × grains per panicle × filled grain fraction × 1,000-grain weight (g) × 0.00001. Example: 300 panicles/m² × 100 grains × 0.85 filled × 25 g × 0.00001 = 6.38 t/ha of paddy, which is 6,375 kg/ha, about 128 bags of 50 kg per hectare or 56.9 cwt/acre. Weigh grain at 14% moisture, or correct it: yield × (100 − moisture) ÷ 86.
Examples
| Panicles/m² | Grains/panicle | Filled % | 1,000-grain wt | Yield |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 | 60 | 100% (filled only) | 25 g | 3.00 t/ha |
| 250 | 90 | 85% | 24 g | 4.59 t/ha |
| 300 | 100 | 85% | 25 g | 6.38 t/ha |
| 350 | 110 | 85% | 27 g | 8.84 t/ha |
Enter your field counts, the filled grain % and grain weight to get t/ha, bags and cwt/acre.
Summary
Rice yield before harvest is estimated from four yield components: panicles per square metre, grains (spikelets) per panicle, the share of grains that are filled, and the weight of 1,000 grains. Multiplying them gives grams of paddy per m², and × 0.01 gives tonnes per hectare. This estimator supports transplanted rice (hills/ha × productive tillers per hill) and direct-seeded or frame counts (panicles/m²), corrects the grain weight to the 14% moisture standard, and reports paddy yield in t/ha, kg/ha, bags (50, 40, 60 or 100 kg), cwt/acre, lb/acre and US bushels (45 lb) per acre, with field totals, a milled rice estimate and optional revenue. A crop-cut check converts the weight harvested from a sample plot into t/ha at 14% moisture. Component counts often overestimate the harvested yield because of field losses.
How it works
- Choose Transplanted (hills × tillers) or Direct count (panicles per m² from a 0.25 m² or 1 m² frame).
- Enter grains per panicle and the filled grain % (keep 100% if you counted filled grains only).
- Enter the 1,000-grain weight in grams and the grain moisture when it was weighed; the yield is corrected to 14%.
- Pick a bag size and enter the field area in hectares or acres.
- Click Estimate Yield for t/ha, kg/ha, bags, cwt/acre and bu/acre, the field total and the step-by-step working.
- Optionally weigh the grain cut from a sample area in the crop-cut check to compare with the component estimate.
Use cases
- Pre-harvest yield estimate to plan harvest, drying, storage and sales.
- Extension and IRRI-style yield component training.
- Comparing transplanted and direct-seeded fields.
- Checking how sterility (low filled grain %) cuts yield.
- Converting rice yields between t/ha, bags per hectare, cwt/acre and bushels per acre.
- Turning a crop-cut sample weight into t/ha at standard moisture.