What is the allowance for doubtful accounts?

It is a contra-asset account (credit balance) that reduces gross accounts receivable to the net realizable value — the amount the company actually expects to collect. It is recorded before specific bad debts are identified, in accordance with the matching principle.

What is the difference between the percentage and aging methods?

The percentage-of-receivables method applies one flat uncollectible rate to the total AR balance. The aging-of-receivables method splits AR into buckets by how long invoices have been outstanding and applies a different (usually higher) rate to older buckets, giving a more precise estimate.

What journal entry do I record?

If the required allowance exceeds the current balance, debit Bad Debt Expense and credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for the difference. If the current balance exceeds the required allowance, debit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and credit Bad Debt Expense (a rare reversal).

What uncollectible rates should I use?

Do not rely on a universal rate. Use rates supported by your entity's historical loss experience and adjust them for current conditions and reasonable, supportable forecasts under the accounting framework you apply.

Is this the same as the direct write-off method?

No. A direct write-off recognizes a specific account when it is written off. This calculator estimates a portfolio-level ending allowance and the adjustment from the current allowance balance. Confirm the applicable accounting and tax treatment with a qualified professional.

Allowance For Doubtful Accounts Calculator

Calculate your bad debt reserve using the percentage-of-receivables or aging-of-receivables method.

Calculation Method

Total Accounts Receivable ($)

Estimated Uncollectible Rate (%)

Enter rates supported by your own loss history and adjusted assumptions; the calculator does not prescribe default reserve percentages.

Aging Bucket	Balance ($)	Rate (%)

Current ADA Balance ($) (credit = positive, debit = negative)

Enter your receivables data on the left to calculate the allowance.

Required Allowance

Adjustment Needed

Bad Debt Expense

Aging Schedule Breakdown

Bucket	Balance	Rate	Allowance
Total		—

Adjusting Journal Entry

Account	Debit	Credit

Balance Sheet Presentation

Method note: FASB ASC Topic 326 permits several expected-credit-loss estimation methods, including loss-rate and aging-schedule methods; it does not prescribe one universal percentage. See the FASB credit-loss guidance (Topic 326). This calculator performs arithmetic from the assumptions entered and is not accounting or tax advice.

Summary

Calculate your bad debt reserve using the percentage-of-receivables or aging-of-receivables method.

How it works

Choose a calculation method: percentage-of-receivables (simple) or aging-of-receivables (detailed).
For the percentage method, enter total accounts receivable and your estimated uncollectible rate.
For the aging method, enter the balance and expected loss rate for each aging bucket (current, 1-30 days, 31-60 days, 61-90 days, 90+ days).
Enter the current ADA balance (credit if existing allowance, debit if over-collected).
The calculator computes the required allowance, the adjustment needed, and the journal entry.

Use cases

Prepare month-end or year-end adjusting journal entries for bad debt expense.
Compare the percentage and aging methods to decide which better fits your AR portfolio.
Audit or verify the adequacy of an existing allowance balance.
Estimate bad debt expense for financial forecasts and budgets.
Support auditors with a clear, documented ADA calculation.
Demonstrate flat loss-rate and aging-schedule reserve calculations.

Frequently Asked Questions

Last updated: 2026-09-19 · Reviewed by Nham Vu